Summer in the Ñuble Region promises to be particularly hot, posing significant challenges for farmers and fruit growers in San Carlos.

Researchers from the INIA Quilamapu Regional Center have highlighted the importance of implementing strategies to mitigate thermal stress in crops, since high temperatures can be lethal for many species cultivated in the region.

Impact of Thermal Stress

High temperatures and intense solar radiation can physiologically affect crops, especially when temperatures exceed 28º C without adequate water replenishment. Species such as blueberries, European hazelnuts and cherries are particularly vulnerable to these conditions, explained Jorge Retamal, a researcher at INIA Quilamapu.

"Climate change and the La Niña phenomenon make it possible to expect a summer with high temperatures and heat waves in Ñuble," warned Carla Hahn, a researcher and post-harvest specialist. This scenario represents an enormous challenge for farmers, as the fruit can suffer irreversible damage.

Recommendations to mitigate thermal stress

To deal with these adverse conditions, experts recommend a series of specific measures. Yésica Salvadores, a researcher at INIA Quilamapu, stressed the importance of adjusting irrigation to the early hours of the day, when plants have greater photosynthetic activity. She also highlighted the use of sunscreens such as kaolin and protective nets to reduce direct radiation on fruits and leaves.

Proper harvest and post-harvest management is also crucial. Jorge Retamal recommended opting for night or morning harvests to improve the firmness of the fruit. “The quality of the fruit is directly related to the temperatures during its harvest and storage,” he stressed.

Post-harvest strategies

In the post-harvest stage, it is essential to keep the fruit in cool places protected from direct sunlight to avoid dehydration and loss of commercial value. Carla Hahn recommended lowering the temperature of the fruit using water, air, cooling chambers and shade. "Each fruit has its own storage requirements, so the correct temperature, humidity and ventilation must be considered," she added.

Climate Monitoring

The Ministry of Agriculture has a climate monitoring system accessible on the National Agroclimatic Network (https://alertas.agromet.cl/monitoreo). This system allows for the prediction of extreme temperature events and the appropriate planning of agricultural activities. INIA professionals participate in this system, providing valuable information for farmers and fruit growers in San Carlos.

Specific Measures for Crops

• Proper irrigation: Water early in the morning and ensure deep and efficient irrigation.
• Use of sunscreens: Apply kaolin and protective nets to reduce direct radiation.
• Harvest management: Avoid harvesting during the hottest hours and prioritize night or morning harvests.
• Post-harvest: Store fruits in cool places protected from the sun, implementing rapid cooling systems.
• Specific strategies: Sensitive crops such as blueberries and cherries require more attention, while more tolerant species such as pistachios and olives need proper irrigation management.

These recommendations are essential to ensure the sustainability of agricultural production in the Ñuble region, especially in San Carlos, where climate change represents an increasing challenge.