INIA professionals provide recommendations for fruit trees in the face of agroclimatic conditions in the country
At the beginning of the year 2019 expected the arrival of a Niño phase, because the temperatures of the equatorial sea are 1 ° C higher than normal, however, there have been no wind anomalies that allow to declare the installation of the phase Child still in January of this year, and the Chilean Meteorological Directorate (DMC) has explained in its "Trend Bulletin" that, when a Child phase is installed, rainfall is more abundant and temperatures are warmer in the Center area South of the country, on the other hand, in the highlands of northern Chile and in the austral zone, less rainfall is expected and colder during the El Niño phase.
Consistent with this situation, the DMC has projected that the precipitations will be located at low levels in the extreme north and south of the country, and that the maximum and minimum temperatures will rise above normal throughout the country during this summer.
Water availability
According to the information contained in the December Bulletin of the General Water Directorate, the 2019 year starts with a rainfall deficit, mainly in the macro areas of Norte Grande and Norte Chico in our country. However, the greatest impact of this deficit is observed in the macro zones of the Center and South Center, due to the fact that the volumes of rainwater missing are much higher here than in the North or South Zones of the country.
As a result of this it is possible to observe that the river flows are at low levels close to their historical lows for this time of the year in the Central and North part of the country.
On the other hand, from the Maule to the south, the flows remain at normal levels.
The level of water in the underground layers shows great variability throughout the year, however at the beginning of this year 2019 stand out with a clear decreasing tendency in the northern zone, the Pampa del Tamarugal Aquifer fountains, Río Los Choros Aquifer in the sector Punta Colorada, Elqui Aquifer in Algarrobal and Culebrón Aquifer in Coastal between Elqui River and Limarí River. On the other hand, the Maipo Aquifer in the Melipilla sector stands out with increasing levels.
Recommendations for agroclimatic conditions
Below we present some of the recommendations that professionals of the Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) raise in the National Bulletin of Analysis of Agroclimatic Risks for the main fruit species and crops, and Livestock, January 2019, prepared by INIA:
1.- NORTHERN ZONE: Arica, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama and Coquimbo
- Monitor the presence of vine pests that continue their development and reproductive cycle as is the case of spider mites and burrito which can cause considerable damage.
-Continue with the phytosanitary program based on fungicides after harvesting grapes since powdery mildew can cause serious damage to buds and leaves.
- Reduce the normal irrigation rate of the Serr walnut in an 20% once the peel has hardened to enhance the harvest of lighter nuts.
- Maintain the normal water regime of Chandler walnut close to field capacity according to environmental demand and avoid generating stress to avoid dehydration in the pulp.
2.-ZONA CENTRO: Valparaíso, Metropolitana and O'Higgins:
-To stimulate the growth of fruit set by maintaining adequate irrigation and a balanced supply of nitrogen during the first 100 days of development of the avocados.
-Monitoring the appearance of red spider spotlights for its early control in avocados.
-Complete the avocado harvests as early as possible.
-Consider the implementation of irrigation systems technified in table grape parronales in the upper part of the interior valley of the provinces of San Felipe and Los Andes.
-Incorporate the monitoring of vine pests as a regular part of integrated pest management according to the protocols proposed by SAG and INIA.
-Maintain extreme attention at the time of application of products for control of powdery mildew in order to cover and give confidence in the period of susceptibility of peach and nectarine.
-Integrate the use of sulfur in wettable powder as a preventive tool in conjunction with systemic type oicidal fungicides when humidity and temperature conditions favor the development of powdery mildew in peach and nectarine.
- Monitor the moving states of Red Spider on the vine leaves near the trunk.
- Perform monitoring of Chanchito Blanco nymphs of the first generation vine with double-sided tape.
- Perform the monitoring of the walnut moth using traps and synthetic sexual pheromones to attract the males to avoid the penetration of the juvenile nuts by first instar larvae.
- Extreme prevention against Botrytis sp., Although the vines bloom, advanced and compact, facilitates the action of fungicides.
-Make the adjustment of the load, especially in peach, nectarine and the "correction of thinning" in plum to the brevity, to achieve positive effects in medium and late varieties, to get high quality fruit.
-To take measures to avoid the effects of sunburn on the fruit and the explosive development of mite populations.
-Make defoliation and rationalization of buds in the grape varieties that require it.
-Favor the development of native species near areas of fruit and vegetable crops for use as biological corridors that may harbor natural enemies of pests and diseases.
3.- ZONA CENTRO SUR: Maule, Ñuble and Biobío
- Continue with irrigation to promote the growth of the shoots of raspberry plants reach the height and thickness enough to sustain the fruit of the second crop.
- Sort new raspberry buds on the wire to improve ventilation, reduce the incidence of fungal diseases and increase light penetration into the hedge.
-Follow rigorously with the applications oriented to control powdery mildew and other fungal diseases of the vine.
-Monitor the appearance of Lobesia on vines and take the necessary measures for its control.
4.- SOUTHERN ZONE: Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos
- Intensify the monitoring and apply the control measures of Xanthomona in corresponding European hazel, such as copper and other organic products.
-Intensify control measures against powdery mildew and mildew on table vines.
To see the recommendations completely, review the following document, by clicking here
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