strawberries, with its distinctive bright red color and balanced sweetness; the blueberries, small bluish spheres loaded with antioxidants, and the raspberries, with their slightly acidic flavor and smooth texture, represent not only a pleasure for the palate, but also a significant source of income for producers.

However, These crops face permanent threats, especially of exotic pests, such as the spotted wing fly (Drosophila suzukii) and African fig fly, which compromise both the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems.

Specialists of INTA they advance with a innovative biological control cons of these two pests that compromise the production of these desired fruits thin

Rich fine fruits

The production of fine fruits is vital for the Argentine economy. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries of the Nation, in 2023 approximately 50,000 tons of strawberries, 20,000 tons of blueberries and 15,000 tons of raspberries.

These figures not only reflect the economic importance of the sector, but also its potential for productive expansion. Protecting these fine fruit crops through sustainable practices is essential to ensure high quality food.

What makes a species a pest?

Their names always cause concern: corn leafhopper, South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), tucura (Dichroplus spp.). A pest is defined as any species that, when found in an environment lacking natural predators, proliferates uncontrollably, causing substantial economic and ecological damage. These pests, like the spotted wing fly (Drosophila suzukii) and the African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus), represent serious threats due to their ability to adapt quickly and wreak havoc on crops.

The Spotted Wing Fly: A Formidable Enemy

Native to Southeast Asia, the spotted wing fly has proven to be a particularly harmful pest. This insect attacks fruits in their last stages of maturity, when they are still attached to the plant, piercing the surface of the fruits with its ovipositor to deposit eggs.. The larvae emerge inside the fruit, feeding on the pulp and causing decomposition and loss of quality. This process not only reduces the yield of crops, but also decreases their commercial value due to premature deterioration.

The rapid expansion of Drosophila suzukii into new regions is due to several factors. Global trade and transportation of agricultural products facilitate the dispersal of this species, while climate change may create more favorable conditions for its establishment. Furthermore, its ability to attack a wide range of fine fruits makes it a persistent problem for producers.

The invasion of Drosophila suzukii and Zaprionus indianus has serious consequences. Farmers face significant economic losses due to the reduction in the quality and quantity of crops. Besides, the ecological impact is notable, as These pests can alter local biodiversity and affect the balance of ecosystems.

In the case of the spotted wing fly, direct damage to strawberry, blueberry, and raspberry crops is particularly severe, affecting not only production but also the economic stability of agricultural communities.

Fight between parasitoids and flies

Given the seriousness of the situation, The INTA Famaillá team has explored more sustainable and ecological alternatives to the use of pesticides. In this context, the parasitoid Trichopria anastrepha has proven to be a formidable ally. In controlled trials, This insect achieved total control over Drosophila suzukii and 40% over Zaprionus indianus, with a recovery of 50% of adult parasitoids, suggesting its potential to restart the control cycle naturally. Claudia Funes, specialist in the Fruit and Vegetable, Flowers and Aromatic Group of INTA Famaillá, highlights the importance of these results. 

“The potential of Trichopria anastrepha as a biocontroller of two invasive pest species is enormous. Furthermore, these methods contribute to the circular economy, using native species adapted for the sustainable control of exotic pests.”

Searching for sustainable methods with low environmental impact is essential in such complex times. In the agricultural context, this means using natural and local methods for pest management, reducing dependence on harmful chemicals and promoting more sustainable practices.

natural control

INTA Famaillá's research shows how science can offer sustainable solutions to complex problems. The use of Trichopria anastrepha as a biological controller is a promising alternative to chemical pesticides, providing a pest management method that is effective, ecological and economically viable.

Protecting our fine fruit crops through sustainable practices not only ensures the production of high-quality food, but also contributes to the health of our ecosystems and communities. The circular economy and biocontrol are essential strategies to achieve an agricultural future with less environmental impact and more resilience.